Top Flu Expert Warns Of A Swine Flu-bird Flu Mix
So what happens if they mix?
This is the scenario that has some scientists worried: The two viruses meet – possibly in Asia, where bird flu is endemic – and combine into a new bug that is both highly contagious and lethal and can spread around the world.
Scientists are unsure how likely this possibility is, but note that the new swine flu strain – a never-before-seen mixture of pig, human and bird viruses – has shown itself to be especially adept at snatching evolutionarily advantageous genetic material from other flu viruses.
“This particular virus seems to have this unique ability to pick up other genes,” said leading virologist Dr. Robert Webster, whose team discovered an ancestor of the current flu virus at a North Carolina pig farm in 1998.
The current swine flu strain – known as H1N1 – has sickened more than 2,300 people in 24 countries. While people can catch bird flu from birds, the bird flu virus – H5N1 – does not easily jump from person to person. It has killed at least 258 people worldwide since it began to ravage poultry stocks in Asia in late 2003.
The World Health Organization reported two new human cases of bird flu on Wednesday. One patient is recovering in Egypt, while another died in Vietnam – a reminder that the H5N1 virus is far from gone.
“Do not drop the ball in monitoring H5N1,” WHO Director-General Margaret Chan told a meeting of Asias top health officials in Bangkok on Friday by video link. “We have no idea how H5N1 will behave under the pressure of a pandemic.”
Experts have long feared that bird flu could mutate into a form that spreads easily among people. The past three flu pandemics – the 1918 Spanish flu, the 1957-58 Asian flu and the Hong Kong flu of 1968-69 – were all linked to birds, though some scientists believe pigs also played a role in 1918.
Webster, who works at St. Judes Childrens Research Hospital in Memphis, Tenn., said bird flu should be a worry now. Bird flu is endemic in parts of Asia and Africa, and cases of swine flu have already been confirmed in South Korea and Hong Kong.
“My great worry is that when this H1N1 virus gets into the epicenters for H5N1 in Indonesia, Egypt and China, we may have real problems,” he told The Associated Press. “We have to watch whats going on very diligently now.”
Spokesman Dave Daigle said he could not comment specifically on how concerned the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention is about the scenario Webster describes, or what it is doing to study such a possibility.
Malik Peiris, a flu expert at Hong Kong University, said the more immediate worry is that swine flu will mix with regular flu viruses, as flu season begins in the Southern Hemisphere. It is unclear what such a combination would produce.
“It will get passed back to pigs and then probably go from pigs to humans,” Peiris said. “So there would be opportunities for further reassortments to occur with viruses in pigs.”
He said so far bird flu hasnt established itself in pigs – but that could change.
“H5N1 itself has not got established in pigs,” he said. “If that were to happen and then these two viruses were both established in pigs in Asia, that would be quite a worrying scenario.”
Michael Osterholm, an infectious disease specialist at the University of Minnesota who has advised the U.S. government on flu preparations, said while flu experts are discussing the scenario, he has yet to see specific evidence causing him to think it will happen.
“Everything with influenza is a huge guessing game because Mother Nature holds all the rules, and we dont even know what they are, so anythings possible,” he said. “We dont have any evidence that this particular reassortment is that much more likely to pick up H5N1 than any other reassortment out there.”